Τεχνικός Υπολογιστών CompTIA A+

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I/O (input/output) A way to describe data flow going into and out of a computing device.

I/O address (input/output address) A port address that allows an external device to communicate with the microprocessor. It is analogous to a mailbox number.

I/O shield A part that allows for optimum air flow and grounding for the motherboard ports.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) A type of cloud technology service that describes routers, switches, servers, virtual machines, load balancers, access points, storage, and any other infrastructure device that is provided through the online environment.

iCloud (offsite data storage and email option) An Apple cloud-based service that comes with macOS, offering storage, application support, and syncing of contacts, photos, email, bookmarks, documents, and more between multiple macOS, iOS, and even Windows devices.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) A Layer 3 protocol used for troubleshooting network connectivity. Commands that use ICMP include ping, pathping, and tracert.

icon An operating system graphic that represents a file, an application, hardware, and shared network resources.

ICR (intelligent character recognition) A technology that allows text and handwriting to be identified, processed, and input into a computer.

IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) An interface that evolved into the ATA (now PATA) standard that supports internal storage devices.

IDE cable Another name for a PATA cable, an older 40-pin parallel cable that could have two devices attached to the same cable that connects to the motherboard.

IDE connector A motherboard connector used to attach a cable between the connector and a PATA IDE drive.

IDS (intrusion detection system) Software or hardware that is designed to detect potential security issues that could allow an illegal entry to the computer or network. The IDS could log the incident and contact someone in order to prevent invasion.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) An organization that provides a framework for defining standards related to computers and networks.

ifconfig In Linux/Unix environments, a command that shows network interface information for Ethernet ports.

IGP (integrated graphics processor) Sometimes called an iGPU, speeds up video processing.

iGPU (integrated graphics processing unit) See integrated graphics processing unit.

IIS (Internet Information Services or Internet Information Server)

image deployment An operating system installation method in which a system image is taken from an external drive, disc, or server and put on a computer.

image management software Software used for creating, storing, modifying, and deploying one file that could include the operating system as well as applications.

image-level backup A method of backup that backs up the entire computer, including the operating system, applications, and data. Contrast with file-level backup.

imaging drum A photosensitive drum located inside a toner cartridge; attracts laser toner particles.

IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) A protocol used to receive email through the Internet. Uses port 143 by default.

IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) A unique serial number given to a cell phone or possibly a satellite phone that is used to identify the device.

impact paper Special paper designed to withstand the pressure of images struck upon it.

impact print head Holds tiny wires called print wires; found in impact printers.

impact printer Sometimes called a dot matrix printer. A type of printer that physically impacts a ribbon that places an image on the paper.

impersonation A social engineering security threat in which someone pretends to be from your bank or a company such as Microsoft to get you to divulge information or gain access.

IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) A unique number that is stored in a smartphone’s subscriber identification module (SIM) card. It is used to identify the subscriber of the device.

in-place upgrade A method of upgrading Windows when an older Windows version is already installed.

incident documentation The part of a technician’s job to provide details on what has been done about a particular problem.

incineration Destruction by fire.

incorrect color pattern A problem caused by bent or broken video pins on a monitor’s cable ends.

incremental backup A method used with a full backup. The incremental backup goes faster because it backs up only files that have changed since the last backup.

indexing A Microsoft Windows configurable feature that allows quick searches for files and folders.

indicator lights Used for troubleshooting a computer and controlled by the POST.

infrared A technology utilizing infrared light that allows devices to communicate across a wireless network. Examples are laptop computers, printers, and handheld computing devices.

infrastructure mode A type of wireless network that contains an access point for wireless devices to be connected together.

inherited permissions A Windows NTFS permission type that is propagated from what Microsoft calls a parent object. For example, if a folder is given the permission Read, then all files within that folder inherit the read-only attribute.

initialization The process in which a variable in a script is given an initial value.

initialize disk A disk option available through the Windows Disk Management tool that enables a disk so that data may be stored on it.

initializing (Disk Management) Making a drive available to be used by right-clicking on a drive > Initialize Disk.

ink cartridge A container that holds the ink and the nozzles for an inkjet printer. Also known as a print cartridge.

inkjet print head Holds the ink reservoir and the spray nozzles; easily replaced.

inkjet printer A type of printer that squirts ink through tiny nozzles to produce print. Inkjet printers produce high-quality, high-resolution, color output.

input A method used to put data into a device or program.

integer A whole number, including zero and negative numbers.

integrated GPU (graphics processing unit) Speeds up video processing with reduced power consumption.

Intel Corporation The largest processor manufacturer in the world. Intel also makes chipsets, motherboards, network cards, microcontrollers, and other electronic chips and components.

interface A go-between, such as an operating system between the user and the computer or an interface between a specific application and the hardware.

interface configuration A BIOS/UEFI configuration category. May also be shown as an individual interface and listed separately (for example, IDE, SATA, PCI, or PCIe configuration).

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